When a story has been retold over many generations, any new telling has
to find a meaning that touches present concerns. Edgar Rice Burroughs
created Tarzan the Ape-Man in 1912 as a noble savage. The Tarzan movies of
the 1920s and '30s presented world-bridging romance and pulp adventure
escapism. In the '60s, on TV and movie screens, Tarzan became a classic
outsider figure, belonging neither in the jungle that had adopted him nor
in the civilization that begat him.
It just so happens that one of the chief obsessions of the '90s, the
redefinition of the family, finds a perfect match in the Tarzan story, and
Disney's new animated version has this theme at its heart. Hollywood has
recently been preoccupied with distant fathers, broken homes, and the
child's search for identity, and one might expect this oft-repeated story
to be on its last legs. But in the old tale of Tarzan, writer Tab Murphy
has found a natural habitat. In his hands, Tarzan's choice between nature
and nurture, between his genetic heritage and his adopted home, is
powerfully reimagined.
The fact that this Tarzan is animated enhances the story's
impact. Animation can solve some of the problems inherent in the tale of a
human being raised by apes: The spectacle of an actor swinging from vine to
vine, walking on his knuckles, and sniffing unfamiliar objects is
distracting. We can't help but know, somewhere behind our suspension of
disbelief, that this person is pretending. But a drawn character lies
between the familiar and the alien, just like Tarzan himself. When
interacting with gorillas, he can be perfectly animal; when interacting
with human beings, he imitates them with unstudied ease, and we are free to
focus on something other than virtuoso acting.
Yet Tarzan isn't an unqualified success, since the Disney
animated franchise still caters to kids in a predictable fashion. A
stunning, wordless sequence accompanied by Phil Collins' theme "Two Worlds"
establishes the backstory: A British couple survives a shipwreck only to be
killed by a marauding leopard. Their infant son is taken in by Kala (voiced
by Glenn Close), a gorilla mother who recently lost her own baby, and
tolerated by Kerchak (Lance Henriksen), the silverback. As Tarzan matures,
however, comic elements, like Rosie O'Donnell as Terk the gorilla and Wayne
Knight as Tantor the elephant, take over the film for long intervals. The
film reaches its nadir when they invade the camp of some visiting explorers
and lead an impromptu jam session with makeshift noisemakers.
Just as some animal characters succumb to the usual Disney formula, some
of the human characters fit well-defined kiddie-movie stereotypes. The
exploration party consists of Professor Potter (Nigel Hawthorne), a dotty
old softhead; Clayton (Brian Blessed), a preening great white hunter; and
Jane (Minnie Driver), Potter's daughter. Only Jane emerges as an original
character, breaking the mold of Disney female love interests by the sheer
force of Driver's personality.
The film's ending, which revolves around Clayton's predictable greed and
Tarzan's ultimate choice, is its biggest cop-out. Rather than face squarely
the question of Tarzan's place in the larger human family, Murphy's script
scrambles off the boat and back into the safety of the jungle--unspoiled
nature, the only unambiguous good we seem to be able to agree on these
days. Murphy places Tarzan's moment of decision at Kerchak's side, going
for the father-reconciliation vibe. But in reality, the moment of greatest
pathos is when Tarzan first realizes he has the option of choosing a new
family in Jane, rather than being stuck with the one his childhood defined
for him. In the end, the filmmakers take Tarzan's choice away from him,
believing that choosing civilization over wilderness is unimaginable.
Yet despite these major flaws, Tarzan leaves the viewer with a
sense of robust strength and a profound engagement with important ideas. It
sounds unbearably pop-psych to say that Tarzan's story is that of the
blended family--but whatever terminology we use, the fact that our concept
of the family has been disturbed and changed in recent years is
unavoidable. The character of Tarzan is a perfect vehicle for exposing our
ambivalence about these developments. Many of the children who'll see this
movie, not to mention their parents, are caught between two worlds and are
searching for one family (in the words of Collins' terrific song). Watching
the ape-man wrestle with his identity, they will respond and they will
learn. The truth in the tale isn't limited to our time--but what a perfect
time it is for that truth.